Shoulder Arthritis

The glenohumeral joint, where the upper arm bone meets the shoulder blade, is one of the most mobile joints in the body. That mobility, however, makes it more vulnerable to wear and tear. When arthritis develops in this joint, it can lead to stiffness, pain, and a loss of function, especially with overhead movements or routine activities.

Several forms of arthritis may affect the shoulder. Osteoarthritis is the most common, often appearing with age or after earlier injuries. Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by autoimmune inflammation that damages the joint lining. Other types include post-traumatic arthritis following an injury, arthritis that develops after long-standing rotator cuff tears, and arthritis related to poor blood supply to the bone, known as avascular necrosis.

Shoulder arthritis develops for different reasons depending on the type.

Osteoarthritis is typically the result of gradual cartilage deterioration. Over time, the smooth surfaces that allow the joint to glide begin to wear down, causing painful bone-on-bone contact. This process may simply be age-related, but it can also be triggered by previous shoulder injuries or repetitive overuse. Even minor misalignments that occur after a fracture or tendon injury can alter joint mechanics, accelerating cartilage breakdown.

Rheumatoid arthritis arises from the body’s immune system mistakenly attacking the lining of the joint. This ongoing inflammation gradually erodes cartilage and damages surrounding tissues, leading to stiffness, swelling, and loss of function.

In post-traumatic arthritis, the wear and tear follow an earlier injury such as a fracture, dislocation, or severe soft tissue damage that alters the way the joint moves. Similarly, avascular necrosis occurs when the blood supply to the bone is compromised, causing bone tissue to weaken and collapse, which in turn leads to arthritis.

Symptoms

Shoulder arthritis usually develops gradually. Patients often notice a deep, aching pain in the joint that may radiate into the upper arm. Stiffness is another hallmark symptom, limiting everyday tasks such as reaching behind the back, lifting overhead, or even dressing. A grinding or grating sensation, called crepitus, may be felt during movement. For many people, discomfort worsens at night, disturbing sleep and making it hard to find a comfortable position.

Treatment

Non-Surgical

Not all cases of shoulder arthritis require surgery. Many people find relief through non-invasive treatments that focus on controlling pain and preserving movement. These can include modifying activities that aggravate the joint, guided physiotherapy exercises to strengthen supporting muscles, and the use of pain-relieving medication or anti-inflammatory drugs. Cortisone injections may also provide temporary relief from inflammation. In selected cases, lubricating injections with hyaluronic acid can be considered, although their benefit varies.

Surgical

When non-surgical care no longer provides relief, surgery may be the most effective solution. Arthroscopic debridement can help in milder cases by cleaning away loose cartilage and smoothing joint surfaces. For advanced disease, shoulder replacement surgery offers lasting pain relief and functional improvement. Depending on the condition of the rotator cuff, this may be a partial, total, or reverse shoulder replacement. Reverse replacement is particularly effective in patients with both arthritis and irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Why Specialist Shoulder Care Matters

Choosing the right treatment depends on an accurate diagnosis and a personalised plan. As a shoulder specialist, Dr. Rohit Sane focuses exclusively on shoulder problems. His care combines precise assessment, modern surgical techniques, and a commitment to guiding patients through recovery with tailored physiotherapy. The goal is not only to relieve pain but to restore confidence in everyday movement.

Take the Next Step Toward Relief

Living with shoulder arthritis can make even simple tasks a challenge. But with the right treatment, it is possible to regain comfort and movement. If your shoulder pain is limiting your life, now is the time to explore your options.

Schedule a consultation with Dr. Rohit Sane today and begin your journey toward a stronger, more mobile shoulder. Your recovery starts with a conversation.